Gender Roles in Ancient Egypt, Rome, and India

Brief: Gender isn't sex: sex has to do with the jobs and desires usually attributed to people, and these can differ starting with one society then onto the next. Compose a paper that investigates likenesses and contrasts in sexual orientation standards in antiquated Egypt, Rome, and India. Sexual orientation jobs change all around. There is definitely not a set standard that applies to each place everywhere throughout the world. Men are for the most part of higher situation than ladies however not generally. In this paper I will enlighten you explicitly concerning the sexual orientation jobs, for the most part of ladies, in India, Egypt, and Rome.In India, the ladies are controlled totally by the men in their families. They likewise need to offer a great deal of appreciation to the men in their way of life by and large. The ladies must follow the orders of her dad first, after him her significant other, and in conclusion her child. In spite of the fact that she should comply with the se men the limitations don't end there. After a woman’s spouse bites the dust she doesn't have autonomy and she isn't permitted to remarry. In the film Paheli there were excellent instances of what the way of life would resemble among the sex jobs in India.The love bird, Lachchi, must her shroud expelled by her better half, Kishen. She isn't permitted to do this without anyone else's help. While Lachchi and Kishen are headed to Kishen’s house, Lachchi has a few kids proceed to get her berries from a close by tree, Kishen chastens her and claims the berries and doesn't let her ingest them. One piece of Paheli that strikes me as intriguing is where the men give the ladies bright bangles. In this general public the men ruin the ladies yet they spot such cruel limitations on them.It states legitimately in the reading material, â€Å"A idealistic spouse ought to continually serve her better half like a divine being, regardless of whether he carries on seriously, unreserved ly revels his desire, and is without any acceptable characteristics. † This is stating that he can do anything he desires, undermine his better half with whomever he satisfies, and on the off chance that he has no redeeming qualities to him or does nothing right. Then again, the spouse can do anything he desires. He ought to be â€Å"born again† by impregnating his significant other. Additionally, the spouse ought not hold her in line forcibly however rather, by occupying her time with exercises that advantage them two, for example, cooking and cleaning.While men get ownership of all the land and they have the rights and capacities to go to work the ladies didn't have these as life choices. The ladies that were brought to India as slaves were utilized as artists and artists yet at times they were utilized to go about as military gatekeepers. In Egypt, The sexual orientation jobs are not as exacting as they are in India. The ladies can have higher positions and there is greater accessibility of exercises they can do. In spite of the fact that ladies didn't have numerous limitations, one that was retained for quite a while was that a lady ought not retain a place that administers a realm or have successful power.Actually it was said â€Å"A individuals who place ladies accountable for their undertakings will never prosper† and â€Å"Men die on the off chance that they obey ladies. † This was later resisted and a lady called â€Å"mother of Khalil† was put in a higher up position. Another way that a lady could obtain a higher up status would be by being the mother of a ruler. Men are generally the providers of the families and the ladies do near nothing since they don't need to. Mistresses, who were typically slaves, could gain themselves a respectable living in the event that they were sufficiently clever or picked the correct man and made an average relationship with him.In Rome, The sexual orientation jobs run uniquely in cont rast to some other spot. The ladies reserve the privileges to do a significant part of indistinguishable things from men. There are various perspectives to the jobs regularly from house to house however. In one case, the house was partitioned into two and the men rested upstairs while the ladies dozed ground floor. In spite of the fact that this appears to be odd it is in reality extremely obliging on the grounds that the spouse was saving his better half the difficulty of having to consistently go down the stairs to keep an eye on her child.Elite Roman ladies were socially and politically huge and frequently exceptionally noticeable people. This demonstrates despite the fact that in numerous societies ladies would never be equivalent to men, in the Roman culture they could come exceptionally close. In numerous different societies that we discussed it was okay for the men to carryout issues. In the Roman culture it was said that â€Å"women of Rome, all were relied upon to be fruit ful and prudent mothers†¦ideologies of manliness bound men, who were to be not kidding, solid, and committed to their families, the divine beings, and their state. This is the general public that sounds immaculate to me. It appears as though everything would simply cooperate and there would not be a lot of contention. In these outlines of little parts of sexual orientation jobs we have seen numerous distinctions. I have not secured every one of them yet you can just envision what sorts of different things are occurring on the planet that isolate the men from the ladies. Egypt, India, and Rome all contrast and that is okay since what might the world resemble if everything worked in impeccably a similar request.

Interesting Essay Questions About Queen Elizabeth I Example For Students

Fascinating Essay Questions About Queen Elizabeth I Sovereign Elizabeth I Were Queen Elizabeth I and Catherine the Great powerful rulers? Were their reignscharacterized as great or not all that well? Dismissing the assessment of the individuals who reignedconcurrently or students of history today, these two controlled their nation in a period of strife anduncertainty! The world and the individuals inside it were experiencing a significant change. Newlands were being found just as significant pretending mainlands and nations werechanging status. Some losing power while others picked up it. Sovereign Elizabeth I andCatherine the Great governed their nation to the degree where they had the option and theirsubjects permitted them to. Sovereign Elizabeth I of England was a surprising ruler. Elizabethwas conceived in 1533 to Henry VIII of England and took the seat in 1588 at the age oftwenty-five and ruled until 1603 when she died (Sowards, 28). Elizabeth wasthe last of the Tudor Dynasty (Upshur, 465). Because of her dads uncontrollablehap-unsafe standard, Elizabeth, at just the age of twenty-five, was at that point confronted withdilemma inside England. Henry VIII needed a male to assume control over his seat so when he felthis time was running out, Henry VIII expected to separate from his Queen around then however theCatholic Church doesnt permit this. He isolated from the congregation and brought Englandwith him. He transformed England into a protestant country. Obviously individuals wereconfused and needed to make gigantic alterations. Toward the start of Elizabeths rule therewas disarray. She was a firm Catholic anyway she made a trade off between the tworeligions. Sovereign Elizabeths choice was expected generally from the assent of her people(Upshur, 465). Be that as it may, Elizabeth realized that two religions would cause issues. Asreestablished, the Anglican Church was protestant in its Theology, however quite a bit of its ritualand religious association stayed Catholic in form(Upshur, 465). Elizabethbelieved that faithfulness of her kin would unite them just as the nation. Thepeople were not constrained by the state however by their own still, small voices. The individuals of Englandsaw Queen Elizabeth as caring just as unequivocal. By permitting the individuals todecide, Queen Elizabeth picked up their trust and dependability not at all like her dad before her. QueenElizabeth didn't constrain the individuals yet permitted them to settle on their own and for theirvoices to be the central factor. Truth be told, The best accomplishment in English history, thebreaking the obligations of Rome, and the foundation of profound freedom, wascompleted without carnage under Elizabeths protection, and Elizabeth may have theglory of the work(Sowards, 37). The individuals of England were in no need of a governmentthat was more worried about it more than it was for the individuals. Elizabeth was Queenbut she built up great ties with parliament. Britain didn't require the standard of a monarchythat controlled carefully, took the people groups riches, and burdened. By burdening the peopleparliament could control the individuals (Upshur, 464). Be that as it may, this was the specific oppositeof what Queen Elizabeth did. She was affluent, be that as it may, she permitted the individuals ofEngland to have the chance to pick up riches. Without estranging general conclusion, QueenElizabeth picked up what she needed. Sovereign Elizabeths approaches concurred with the interestsof the individuals (Upshur, 465). Sovereign Elizabeth was dynamic in international strategy. The individuals ofEngland, her subjects, started to see new materials because of her mediation in outside policy.Furthermore, they started to acquire riches. Elizabeth started exchange with India and allowed acharter to the English East India Company (Upshur, 465). This opened the way for tradeas well as the thoughts for others to endeavor to accomplish objectives, and to set better expectations. Thisgave some spirit to the individuals of England. She likewise settled relations with the rulersof Russia and approved the development of the Muscovy organization, the first in westernEurope to exchange with Russia (Upshur, 465). Sovereign Elizabeth was under the ordinary stressof any leader of that time. .uf0dd8c2a3fd475464f1aad8e981f6e37 , .uf0dd8c2a3fd475464f1aad8e981f6e37 .postImageUrl , .uf0dd8c2a3fd475464f1aad8e981f6e37 .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .uf0dd8c2a3fd475464f1aad8e981f6e37 , .uf0dd8c2a3fd475464f1aad8e981f6e37:hover , .uf0dd8c2a3fd475464f1aad8e981f6e37:visited , .uf0dd8c2a3fd475464f1aad8e981f6e37:active { border:0!important; } .uf0dd8c2a3fd475464f1aad8e981f6e37 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .uf0dd8c2a3fd475464f1aad8e981f6e37 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .uf0dd8c2a3fd475464f1aad8e981f6e37:active , .uf0dd8c2a3fd475464f1aad8e981f6e37:hover { murkiness: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .uf0dd8c2a3fd475464f1aad8e981f6e37 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .uf0dd8c2a3fd475464f1aad8e981f6e37 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enrichment: underline; } .uf0dd8c2a3fd475464f1aad8e981f6e37 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .uf0dd8c2a3fd475464f1aad8e981f6e37 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content embellishment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf0dd8c2a3fd475464f1aad8e981f6e37:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .uf0dd8c2a3fd4754 64f1aad8e981f6e37 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .uf0dd8c2a3fd475464f1aad8e981f6e37-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .uf0dd8c2a3fd475464f1aad8e981f6e37:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: The Atomic Bomb in World War II Essay Or right? For a long time she was unendingly an imprint forassassination, and her spirits were rarely influenced, and she was never scared intocruelty (Sowards, 36). Elizabeth, inverse of past rulers, was attempting to live downEnglands notoriety similar to a country of war. Elizabeth haggled rather than initiatingwar (Sowards, 32). The Elizabethan Age was tranquil. The individuals of England may havebeen used to conventional battling, in any case, Elizabeth kept harmony. Sovereign Elizabeth had adesire for harmony. She dealt with the country of England well to support a quiet life whileother nations battled wars, lost, and fell into progression. Sovereign Elizabeth was a peacefulruler, notwithstanding, she engaged in on demonstration of fighting. She is generally celebrated for her dramaticvictory over the Spanish Armada throughout the mid year of 1588 (Sowards, 25). Englishhostility to Spain was developing for various reasons: compassion toward the beleagueredFrench Huguenots and the laborers of Holland secured their own frantic battle withPhillip; the undeclared ocean war with Spain that English privateers and privateers had alreadybeen carrying on for a generation(Sowards, 26). There was no ground war and thepeople of England never got unrested. Sovereign Elizabeth was quiet and didn't jumpinto war with Spain. She battled on her own terms (Sowards, 38). This was an indication of asmart ruler. This prompted National significance for England. Britain got preeminent on theseas. English business expanded to the Old World and states were framed in the NewWorld(Sowards, 33). Sovereign Elizabeth I was loved by her subjects since she was aneffective ruler. She carried compelling government to the individuals through parliament. Sheopened the open door for exchange just as the chance to pick up riches. QueenElizabeth I additionally set the trend that all countries are not as ground-breaking as they may appearby overcoming the Spanish Armada. This empowered other littler nations to head out in theseas to pick up riches and investigate a new area.

Valuable Advice on How to Write a 3-page Essay

Valuable Advice on How to Write a 3-page Essay As you journey through your college life, you will face different types of essay assignments. One of the essay types you will face is the three-page essay. But what should you do when you encounter this kind of assignment? This article will furnish you with the answers you need on how to write a 3-page essay. What is a 3-page essay? Before we delve into the nitty-gritty of writing a 3-page essay, it is necessary to understand what this form of essay is. A three-page essay allows a student sufficient space to come up with their arguments in a manner that lets them introduce and conclude those arguments. However, when tackling this kind of assignment, you should focus on following the instructions of the essay instead of worrying about how long it should be. Examining the question Taking your time to keenly examine the question of the assignment is one of the success keys on how to write a 3-page essay in 2 hours. The reason is that if you don’t understand the question well, you will give the wrong answers to what your teachers expect from you. In the process of examining the question, you should establish what you need to do in the essay. Some of the things you ought to pay close attention to are as follows: The topic at hand: If you don’t understand the topic of the assignment, you will fail in every other thing. The reason is that you may do all the best research, write with all the excellent grammar you can, but if you have not understood the topic, you will be like a soccer player who has scored an offside goal. So, ensure you understand what the topic is, and you should write before proceeding. Get the format: After understanding the question, you also need to understand the format you need to use. You have to find out if you are supposed to use a 12-point or an 11-point format. Also, find out if the teacher wants you to use single or double spacing. Do the research After establishing all the guidelines of the essay, and you are sure about the topic requirements, it is now time for you to shift your attention to what you will include in the essay. Here, you need to do research that will enable you to get the raw material with which to construct your assignment. Remember, if you fail at this point, the whole assignment will flop. You need to establish reliable sources of information. You can use both online and offline sources such as libraries, encyclopedia, publications, and books to get credible materials. You also need to identify sources you can access easily and on time. Make sure every material you use to write your essay has an established authority behind it. Formulate a thesis statement After gathering your raw materials, you need to come up with a stand on the topic at hand. Your thesis is your primary argument around which all the other arguments will revolve. You’ve got to draft your thesis in a manner that is clear, forceful, and easy to defend. Writing the body After you have formulated your thesis, you now need to begin writing the body paragraphs. The three body paragraphs will allow you to defend your thesis with reasons and supporting evidence. You can concretize your evidence by including reliable and authoritative quotations from authority figures in the area of study you are handling. Here, you need to include all the details you had pointed the reader to when you introduced the essay. Drafting the conclusion The conclusion should serve as the climax of your assignment. That is why the entire essay should progressively build up towards it with your best coming at this point. In the conclusion, you need to restate your thesis. Additionally, you have to take a few sentences to summarize the evidence and reasons you gave to support your thesis. Lastly, make your conclusion convince the reader of the merit and importance your arguments and thesis. Check the length After writing your essay, you should check it to ensure that it meets the length requirements and specifications. If it is too long, you will need to shorten it by cutting off some parts or if it is too short, lengthen it by adding new parts. Get essay writing help here This article has shared with you all you need to know on how to write a 3-page essay. You can now optimize these 3-page essay writing tips to sharpen your skills in writing these types of assignments. But if the inconveniences of life throw too much at you, and you end up choking in deadlines, our company can help you. We are professional writers dedicated to helping students with their essay assignments.

Exploratory Essay Definition and Examples

An exploratory essay is a short work of nonfiction in which a writer works through a problem or examines an idea or experience, without necessarily attempting to back up a claim or support a thesis. In the tradition of the Essays of Montaigne (1533-1592), an exploratory essay tends to be speculative, ruminative, and digressive. William Zeiger has characterized the exploratory essay as open: [I]t is easy to see that expository composition—writing whose great virtue is to confine the reader to a single, unambiguous line of thought—is closed, in the sense of permitting, ideally, only one valid interpretation. An exploratory essay, on the other hand, is an open work of nonfiction prose. It cultivates ambiguity and complexity to allow more than one reading or response to the work. (The Exploratory Essay: Enfranchising the Spririt of Enquiry in College Composition. College English, 1985) Examples of Exploratory Essays Here are some exploratory essays by famous authors: The Battle of the Ants, by Henry David ThoreauHow It Feels to Be Colored Me, by Zora Neale HurstonNaturalization, by Charles Dudley WarnerNew Years Eve, by Charles LambStreet Haunting: A London Adventure, by Virginia Woolf Examples and Observations: The expository essay tries to prove all of its contentions, while the exploratory essay prefers to probe connections. Exploring links between personal life, cultural patterns, and the natural world, this essay leaves space for readers to reflect on their own experience, and invites them into a conversation...(James J. Farrell, The Nature of College. Milkweed, 2010)I have in mind a student writing whose model is Montaigne or Byron or DeQuincey or Kenneth Burke or Tom Wolfe...The writing is informed by associational thinking, a repertory of harlequin changes, by the resolution that resolution itself is anathema. This writer writes to see what happens.(William A. Covino, The Art of Wondering: A Revisionist Return to the History of Rhetoric. Boynton/Cook, 1988) Montaigne on the Origin of the Essays Recently I retired to my estates, determined to devote myself as far as I could to spending what little life I have left quietly and privately; it seemed to me then that the greatest favour I could do for my mind was to leave it in total idleness, caring for itself, concerned only with itself, calmly thinking of itself. I hoped it could do that more easily from then on since with the passage of time it had grown mature and put on weight.But I find— Variam semper dant otia mentis[Idleness always produces fickle changes of mind]* —that, on the contrary, it bolted off like a runaway horse, taking far more trouble over itself than it ever did over anyone else; it gives birth to so many chimeras and fantastic monstrosities, one after another, without order or fitness, that, so as to contemplate at my ease their oddness and their strangeness, I began to keep a record of them, hoping in time to make my mind ashamed of itself.(Michel de Montaigne, On Idleness. The Complete Essays, trans. by M.A. Screech. Penguin, 1991) *Note: Montaignes terms are the technical ones of melancholy madness. Characteristics of the Exploratory Essay In the quotation from Montaigne [above], we have several of the characteristics of the exploratory essay: First, it is personal in subject matter, finding its topic in a subject that is of deep interest to the writer. Second, it is personal in approach, revealing aspects of the writer as the subject at hand illuminates them. The justification for this personal approach rests in part on the assumption that all people are similar; Montaigne implies that, if we look honestly and deeply into any person, we will find truths appropriate to all people. Each of us is humankind in miniature. Third, notice the extended use of figurative language (in this case the simile comparing his mind to a runaway horse). Such language is also characteristic of the exploratory essay.(Steven M. Strang, Writing Exploratory Essays: From Personal to Persuasive. McGraw-Hill, 1995)

The Music Of Duke Ellington - 898 Words

I attended the Jazz Ensembles Concert, The Music of Duke Ellington, on Wednesday, September 30, 2015 at the Griffin Concert Hall, University Center for the Arts. I was not really sure what to expect since I had never experienced Jazz in a concert hall setting, however, I believe I am still able to make an informed and unbiased review. Not only was this my first Jazz concert, but it was also my first time visiting the University Center for the Arts. I was greeted immediately and with a very welcoming attitude by staff that was willing to guide me in the right direction when locating the entrance to the Griffin Concert Hall. I felt for such a professional environment I should have been paying a lot of money to be enjoying a show at this facility. Proceeding into the concert hall I observed a nearly every seat full with people of all ages. I sat rather close to the stage so I could get a good look and really observe facial expressions and demeanor of the personnel. After peaking though my program to better understand what to expect throughout the concert, I realized there were going to be two performances with 2 different ensembles as well as directors. Promptly at 7:30 pm, the band of Jazz Ensemble II came out, gathered their places on stage, and began to play â€Å"Things Ain’t What They Used to Be† by Mercer Ellington. I immediately recognized the stereotypical jazz setup such as the primary melodic instruments: saxophones, trumpets, trombones, as well as the piano, bass andShow MoreRelatedDuke Ellington: the Music, Politics, and His Story4342 Words   |  18 PagesDuke Ellington: The Music, Politics, and his Story Duke Ellington was a musical and political genius; he was â€Å"America’s only original musical mind.† He was not only a performer, but a composer. He learned the craft of composing by observing others instead of disciplined study. One important factor of Ellington’s music was its relation to black heritage and African American history. His symphony â€Å"Black, Brown, and Beige† displayed the African American struggle in America. Not only did EllingtonRead MoreDuke Ellington Essay746 Words   |  3 PagesDuke Elington Duke Ellington was an American jazz bandleader, composer, and pianist. He is thought of as one the greatest figures in jazz. The French government honored him with their highest award, the Legion of Honor, while the government of the United States awarded him with the highest civil honor, the Presidential Medal of Freedom. He played for the royalty and for the common people and by the end of his fifty-year career, he had played over 20,000 performances worldwide. HeRead MoreEssay On Duke Ellington1506 Words   |  7 PagesDuke Ellington: 1899-1974 Edward â€Å"Duke† Kennedy Ellington was born April 29, 1899 in Washington, D.C. Duke Ellington was born into a typical family with average income and growing up, the future musician was home-schooled by his parents. His father James Edward Ellington and mother Daisy Kennedy Ellington were both pianist. His father played operatic arias while parlor songs were his mother’s first choice. It is an interesting fact that Duke is not actually Ellington’s name, but it is only hisRead MoreDuke Ellington Essay1260 Words   |  6 PagesDuke Ellington Duke Ellingtons pre-eminence in jazz is not only because of the very high aesthetic standard of his output and not simply due to his remarkable abilities as a pianist, composer and bandleader, but also to the fact that he has extended the boundaries of jazz more than any other musician, without abandoning the true essence of the music. Perhaps no other American musician left such a massive and challenging legacy in composition and performance. Edward Kennedy Duke EllingtonRead MoreDuke Ellington Essay1129 Words   |  5 PagesDuke Ellington The Harlem Renaissance was an era full of life, excitement, and activity. 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Jazz became the cornerstone of popular culture during the period known as the swing era. The swing era influenced clothing styles, retail marketing, fashion, dance, and even language. Swing fans had their own clothing style and built a social phenomenon aroundRead MoreThe Most Influential African American Composers Of The Twentieth Century976 Words   |  4 PagesEdward Kennedy â€Å"Duke† Ellington Duke Ellington is considered to be one of the most influential African-American composers of the twentieth century. He was a composer, bandleader, songwriter, and a musician.   Duke Ellington was born in Washington D.C on April 29, 1899 and died on May 24, 1974 in New York, New York. Often times,   Duke’s music was called â€Å"American Music† because it was for America, later his music was placed under the category of Jazz. After his death, Duke’s musical reputation wasRead More Duke Ellington: An American Legacy Essays1818 Words   |  8 Pages Duke Ellington: An American Legacy nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Where would music be had it not been for the men that stepped before him. The Motzarts and Beethovens, who wrote the music that today is known as the classics. These men were naturals in their own right, but these people wrote their music in the 17th and 18th century. Many people dont realize all of the changes that music had to go through between that period of music and the present day. One such musician stands alone at the top

History of Early New York Immigration Free Essays

Immigration is an event that has been occurring in New York since 1624 when the Dutch West India Company assembled thirty families from Holland to established a settlement that became known as New Netherland. Many immigrants came to our nation looking for opportunities that their country could not provide for them. The prospect of political and religious liberty, as well as opportunities for economic advancements brought millions of immigrants to America. We will write a custom essay sample on History of Early New York Immigration or any similar topic only for you Order Now Through the years, immigration has played a key role in the New York†s economic, political and social development in both positive and negative ways. During the colonial era most immigrants came from northern European countries. Their numbers declined with the onset of the Revolutionary War during the 1770†³s, but immigration picked up strongly again during the 1840s and 1850s. Between 1840 and 1860, the New York received its first great wave of immigrants. In Europe as a whole, famine, poor harvests, rising populations and political unrest caused an estimated five million people to leave their homelands each year. In Ireland, blight attacked the potato crop, and upwards of 750,000 people starved to death. Many of the survivors emigrated. The failure of the German Confederation†s Revolution of 1848-49 led many of its people to emigrate. Many settled in New York City, where the population increased from 200,000 residents in 1830 to 515,000 in 1850. By 1860, New York was home to over one million residents. More than half of the city†s population at that time were immigrants and their American-born children. The masses of immigrants were overwhelming. By 1887, it became obvious that Castle Garden (immigrant receiving station) was too small to process the large numbers of immigrants pouring into the New York. The Castle Garden was so small that criminals were simply hanging out at the receiving station to rob the immigrants inside, instead of waiting for them to get on the streets. Thus, the government built Ellis Island in 1892 and immigrants continued pouring in. The number of immigrants was so great that by 1910 immigrants and their families composed over half the total population of New York. During Industrialization many â€Å"new† immigrants on their way out of Southern and Eastern Europe due to over population and religious persecution. Approximately 25 million arrived between 1866 and 1915. While earlier immigrants had come mainly from northern European countries such as England, Germany, and the Scandinavian countries, by the 1880s most â€Å"new† immigrants were arriving from southern and eastern countries such as Italy, Poland, and Russia. More than a million immigrants arrived in each of the years 1905, 1907, and 1910, some fleeing the â€Å"pogroms† (organized massacres) taking place in Eastern Europe, and others seeking a life that they could never have within the borders of their poverty-stricken countries. These later immigrants, arriving from southern and eastern Europe, were Czechs, Poles, Ukrainians, Serbs, Slovaks and Russian, as well as Italians, Greeks, Hungarians, and Rumanians. Approximately ten percent of them were Jews fleeing the repressive policies of Czarist Russia under Alexander III, although Roman and Orthodox Catholics were among the arrivals. The tremendous industrial growth of the late nineteenth century created an unprecedented demand for workers. The construction of canals and railroads required an enormous force of unskilled laborers. Hence, practically all the â€Å"new† immigrants found jobs in transportation, mining, and manufacturing. Without this supply of labor, New York â€Å"s industrial expansion could not have taken place. A few exceptional immigrants rose to positions of wealth and power. But for the great mass of immigrants, success meant something much more limited. It meant better wages, money in the bank, ownership of a home, and a brighter future for their children. Even though immigrants helped to make the Industrial Revolution possible they faced opposition in economics and politics. The response to these newcomers was unfriendly and inhospitable. The Americans who saw their job security challenged by immigrants that were willing to work longer hours for lower wages did not welcome. The new comers did not have the same culture as the first immigrants that had come from Northern and Western Europe. Most lacked skills and very few spoke English, some could not read or write in any language. The Slavic and Polish (excluding Jewish) immigrants groups were viewed as unskilled, illiterate, and transient and were seen as a bigger threat to New York institutions than the other European ethnic groups. They were not ambitious people, tended to keep to themselves, and were opposed to the American idea of materialism. Many of the Slavs and Poles distrusted New York public schools; they withdrew their children from school and encouraged them to seek training in a trade, thus allowing a high rate of dropouts. Likewise, Italians were discriminated against because they also provided cheap labor and, naturally of a clannish nature, tended to move and settle as a group in Italian communities where they only worked with fellow countrymen and did not learn the ways of urban life. Americans thought that Italians did not assimilate into the American culture well since they held on their old-country traditions and cultures so strongly. Assimilation was important to the Americans because they were fearful of the change that came with other cultures, not to mention their resentment towards the new languages already replacing English in several parts of the cities. The Italians also brought the Mafia, which although in Italy enforced justice, came under the control of criminals in New York, and became known for racketeering, blackmail, and extortion. The immigrants were blamed for creating disorder and violence in the cities, and in general, were thought to be â€Å"birds of passage† who would use the American economy to make their fortunes, then return to their native land taking American dollars. The ever-growing influx of immigrants disturbed many native-born Americans who were annoyed by the newcomers† appearance and way of life. They expected these people, no matter what their place of origin, to conform to Anglo-Saxon patterns of behavior and to cherish the institutions of America. These anti-immigrant, natives, sentiments, and the hatred and prejudice toward these immigrants led to the passing of immigration laws that greatly restricted the flow of immigration . The first restrictive law prevented immigration of lunatics, criminals, polygamists, people with diseases, and those likely to be public charges. In August of 1882, the first federal immigration law was adopted. This law put a head tax on all immigrant passengers. Laws from notes. Many American believed that these immigration restrictions were necessary to keep the New York city from deteriorating. The population living in cities of over 30,000 increased from ten percent of the total in 1860 to more than twenty-five percent of the total US population by 1900. The pressure of the tremendous inflow of immigrants quickly outstripped the ability of the New York†s established institutions to cope with them. Already poor in the Old Country, for the most part, they arrived in America penniless and made their homes in the growing tenements of America†s major cities, like New York. The severe strain on the housing situation coupled with discriminatory practices eventually led to the creation of ghettos. Women and children were often sent to work to contribute to the survival of the family, old-world views that eventually led to wholesale exploitation of child labor. Poverty on a never-before-seen scale became the norm in America†s urban centers. Perplexed, poor, and lacking knowledge of the American lifestyle, these immigrants were used as a low-paid labor force for dirty jobs that nobody else wanted and felt the harshness of Industrialism the most. They did not know their bosses, class animosity often divided management and labor, and their interests and wants were of little concern to the corporations. Because these people did not have the proper education, many of them remained unskilled or semi-unskilled throughout their lives. Although many could not attain the work skills they needed, they gained many other things. By the early 1900†³s, ninety percent of those who could not speak English learned to do so in less than ten years after they arrived, and only a third was still illiterate. Despite their many hardships, the new immigrants were determined to make it in the New World. For example, the Slavs† ability to take the worst jobs and stick with them enabled them to become one of the top two ethnic groups representing employees of America†s leading industries . It was the clashing of old-world views with those of new-world ideas that forced compromises that helped to advance social and political thoughts. The cities would not have grown without people to provide cheap labor in the factories, and it was the willingness to provide a cheap source of labor and to work the most difficult and menial jobs that helped enable the United Stated to make the economic gains that she made. The stamina and perseverance of the immigrants made America and industrial giant and the world economic power it is today Even though immigrants helped to make the Industrial Revolution possible they faced opposition in economics and politics. Although New York benefited from immigration they tended to regard the newcomers as competitors for their jobs. This is understandable not only because of fluctuations of the economy, which caused unemployment but because immigrants were often used as strike. The â€Å"new† immigrants that came to America that could read, write, speak, and understand English were lated by many political supports. Those people feared that if an immigrant were gain power in politics that they might try to incorporate their old customs and traditions in politics. Many Americans even opposed the idea of allowing immigrants the right to vote. Even after immigrants were to become Americanized, political supports fought to keep immigrants from participating in politics. How to cite History of Early New York Immigration, Essay examples

Business Communication Skills Sales and Marketing

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Communication Skillsfor Sales and Marketing. Answer: Cespedes, F. V. Bova, T., 2015. What sales people need to know about the new B2B landscape. Harvard Bussiness review. Cespedes and Bova urge in their articles that organizations need to embrace and adopt new changes which are emerging in the sales and marketing field. Specifically, they are talking about business to business sales (B2B). Firms participating in selling should know that selling process is more centered on the customer than the buyer (Cespedes Bova, 2015). Therefore, it is their role to ensure that all the selling models they design incorporate the modern elements which are cropping up in the market. They outline that the AIDA model which B2B firms employ together with CRM systems to analyze the marketing and selling strategies do not adequately address the dynamism that exists in the market. Their argument is based on Gartner research, which they say indicates a very different modern purchasing reality. According to Cespedes and Bova, the Gartner research shows that buyer no longer move sequentially through a funnel when making a purchase decision, but they work through four parallel streams. The activities involved in this streams are exploring, evaluating, engaging and experiencing. Therefore, it vital for B2B companies to understand where their customers are and how to interact with them appropriately at the different stream levels. They go forth to offer suggestions on how a firm can align their operations with these new changes. Firstly, they suggest that it is vital for a B2B business to recognize that, regardless of the path that the clients take, the sales force is of the uttermost importance. This is because the customers prefer to interact with people who will aid them reach an effective buying decision. However, they warn that despite the advancements in technology and the popularity of social media, the latter have insignificant effects on the buying habits of the clients. Therefore, B2b firms are advised not to prioritize the social media platform in engaging their customers. Cespedes and Bova further point out that, across all the buying streams the buyers emphasized on the relevance of their interactions with sellers in meeting their organization needs. Secondly, they suggest that buying is a continuous and dynamic process. This implies that changes are inevitable in this sphere. For instance, they note that customers no longer rely on references made by the sellers but prefer to obtain such information from their fellow buyers through community websites. Furthermore, they cite the role of merchant websites in influencing purchasing decisions. Hence they call for close coordination between the sales and marketing departments in B2B business. Finally, they suggest that there no given selling methodology that can address all the buyers needs. This is because aligning buying and selling is a process which is impacted upon by variable factors. Recommendations Cespedes and Bova's article challenges those in B2B business to consider integrating changes which are occurring in their environment into their selling strategies. Failure to do so will render their measures ineffective since they will not address the needs of buyers sufficiently. Rather than being carried away with the idea of social media, B2B business should concentrate on strengthening their sales force.

Forces of Evolution

Evolution refers to the biological changes that occur among individual members of population over time. The changes are usually due to biological conditions and environmental factors. However, it is important to note that the entire population undergoes evolution and not just the individuals in such a population. There are four known forces of evolution and they include natural selection, gene flow, genetic drift, and mutations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Forces of Evolution specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Natural selection involves differential survival traits. Different individuals in a given population will adapt to different characteristics. Consequently, they are able to compete with other species for scarce resources. Due to intense competition, species that are able to adapt to these characteristics survive while the rest become extinct. Many scientists refer to this phenomenon as survival for the fi ttest. This is a situation in which individuals who lack the ability to adapt to the needed characteristics are wiped out. At the same time, the traits of a given generation can change from one generation to another. Natural selection affects variations in a population through changes that occur to the phenotypes of different organisms. What this appears to suggest is that natural selection calls for behavioral and structural changes of body parts. On the other hand, gene flow is a term used in reference to the movement or migration of genetic materials across different populations. The flow of genes within a population increases variations of individuals within that population. Gene flow occurs mainly due to the highly mobile organisms in a population. Mobile organisms are able to interact with other organism and as a result, the exchange of genetic material from one organism to another takes place. This is what usually happens during mating. The resulting generations will thus pos ses the dominant genes from the two parents. In most cases, the resulting generations possess the hybrid genes of the parent genes. In genetic drift, some individuals may leave behind a higher percentage of genes than others. Consequently, some genes may end up drifting away as new generations are produced. The genes that drift away are usually lost forever. That is why certain organisms become extinct. Thus, genetic drift reduces the chances of genetic variations from one generation to another. Mutation is the change that occurs to the DNA material of organisms. Mutations can be harmful or beneficial. Mutations that contribute a lot to evolution are those that occur in the sex cells, as opposed to the somatic cells. This is because it is only the changes that occur in the reproductive cells that can be passed from the parent to an offspring.Advertising Looking for essay on anthropology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Mutatio ns can lead to changes in the phenotype of organisms. A single mutation can bring about unnoticeable or small change in an organism. It can also result in a big change in another type of organism. Sometimes, mutations do not cause any changes to organisms. Thus, mutations produce noticeable changes only when the genes involved are similar. An isolation mechanism is any factor that prevents groups of organisms from interbreeding. Isolating mechanisms can be behavioral or biological. For example, different seasons of mating for different organisms may hinder two different groups of organisms from interbreeding. Again, sterile organisms from a certain group are not able to interbreed. Consequently, similar organisms end up interbreeding. This enhances speciation, in which similar off springs are produced. This essay on Forces of Evolution was written and submitted by user Alonso Banks to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Miranda Rights Essay Example

Miranda Rights Essay Example Miranda Rights Essay Miranda Rights Essay Do the Miranda warnings help too many criminals go free? no. the miranda RIGHTS. protect our freedoms. without them we could end up a police state. In the United States, the Miranda warning is a warning given by police to criminal suspects in police custody, or in a custodial situation, before they are asked questions relating to the commission of a crime. A custodial situation is where the suspects freedom of movement is restrained although he is not under arrest. An incriminating statement by a suspect will not constitute admissible evidence unless the suspect was advised of his or her Miranda rights and made a knowing, intelligent, and voluntary waiver of those rights. However, police may request biographical information such as name, date of birth, and address, without first reading suspects their Miranda warnings. The Miranda warnings were mandated by the 1966 United States Supreme Court decision in the case of Miranda v. Arizona as a means of protecting a criminal suspects Fifth Amendment right to avoid coercive self-incrimination. Many criminals/suspects talk at the crime scene after the Miranda is read to them latter they claim it wasnt. Do they increase the cost of keeping the public safe? Only if the police forget to say it. Can you think of any better ways to balance public safety and individual rights? I think personally police officers can read the Miranda warning from cards to insure they are read properly and make sure they use them so it is word for word and so it cant come back on them. reference http://answers. yahoo. com/question/index?

Criminal Conduct and Criminal Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Criminal Conduct and Criminal Law - Essay Example The consideration of mens rea is important because it separates those crimes that were committed willfully, and those acts that were accidental. The willful element shows that the person desired the outcome and should be responsible, or the outcome so desired. The lack of the willful element may mean that the outcome was desired and was not even planned for. It is only fair not to punish someone for an act they did by mistake, and they did not even desire the outcome. However, at times, the law has to go a step further and see whether the outcome was foreseeable, or if the person performing the act was so negligent in acting that he could not even consider the occurrence of the act. If a person pulls a trigger of a loaded gun to check whether the gun is working, he will be responsible for the murder or injury that is occasioned if the bullet hits somebody. It is only fair that people be held criminally liable for criminal acts that occur due to negligence on their part even if they did not have the requisite mens rea. From the above analysis, it is noted that there is no clear answer on whether a person is criminally liable or not considering the lack of mens rea. Each case is to be in light of the prevailing circumstances (Herring, 2013). Legislative immunity is immunity that is accorded to legislators in parliament in the process of passing laws. Legislative immunity applies to actions that the legislators may do, or words said in the process of formulating legislation. Legislative immunity is important because it accords the legislators protection from being sued for libel arising out of words spoken in Parliament. However, it is to be noted that this immunity is not absolute and can be removed by the courts on application by an interested party. The parliament can also remove the immunity through amending the law, although this will not act retrogressively. Legislative immunity is meant to ensure freedom of speech during

The Politically Incorrect Guide to Islam by Robert Spencer Essay

The Politically Incorrect Guide to Islam by Robert Spencer - Essay Example Robert Spencer shakes things in an equally controversial book The Politically incorrect Guide to Islam. This book obliterates simplistic, politically correct opinions about the Islam religion. It compares, word by word, the teachings between Muhammad and the teachings of Buddhism, Christianity and other religions. He sent her away until the child was born. When the woman came back after several months, he took the child and gave it to a friend as a gift while he ordered the woman to be stoned to death. This book covers a lot of ground with the study of Muhammad, the development of Quran, the spread of Islam religion, and Islam’s early wars hence the culmination of the Crusades. The book is introduced as an examination of some specific tendentious contentions about Islam religion and the Crusades that have been a source of current debates. Spencer provides readers an extensive exploration about Islam that cannot be taught in school or that may not be exposed in the media; in so doing he paints religion in a broadly negative light. The general notion that Islam is a peaceful religion that has been hijacked by small minority of extremists is the beginning of all PC myths surrounding Islam. To back his claims, he quotes several Western Historical figures such as John Quincy, Alexis de Tocqueville and Winston Churchill who have been vocal in criticizing Islam. The book criticizes Islam as both oppressive and militant and gives a historical account of the crusades based on the argument that they were a late response of European civilization to the centuries of occupation and invasion which started in the 8thC in Italy, France, the Iberian Peninsula, Sicily and major parts of Eastern Europe. Spencer argues that the civilization clash between the West and Islam in the 21stC was as a result of a continuation of a 14thC long jihad which commenced at the inception of Islam. The book also offers discussions about the difficulties of treating this topic in a ever dis integrated current political environment. The fact is the book has both the bright and not-so bright sides. On the bright side, Spencer denies many myths penetrated by the PC crowd: that mainly states that Islam and Christianity are for the greater part been equivalent traditions, that crusaders were selfish land-hungry colonizers, that Jihadists were benign sweetie-pies and many other controversies. Honestly, I do agree with his bruising of Ridley Scott’s Kingdom of Heaven film which depicts a sentimentally liberal Islam during crusades periods. On the other side of the Spence’s book, he gives several myths that need correction. These include: Christianity is essentially begin and Islam nasty The crusades were defensive conflicts We should be grateful for crusades These three points as expressed by Spenser are myths and ironical in nature. 1) Myth one: Christianity is essentially begin and Islam nasty The book â€Å"The Politically incorrect Guide to Islam† is full of â€Å"Jesus vs. Muhammad† punctuations, whereby several teachings of Jesus are compared and contrasted with the intolerant and militant teachings of Prophet Muhammad. Taking for instance page 35: Jesus teachings was â€Å"blessed are the persecuted† and it is contrasted with Prophet Muhammad’s authority to kill persecutors claiming that â€Å"persecution is worse than slaughter† (Qur'an 2:191). Again in page 143, Spencer describes Jesus’ teachings and deeds to be merciful to enemies as compared to Muhammad’s command to ruthless to unbelievers but merciful to fellow Muslims. The mention of Islam develops a feeling of fear on the part of many non-Muslims because of what they have been told or heard about the Muslims. In my opinion, it is pointless to list

Thomsons Argument Of The Trolley Problem Philosophy Essay

Thomsons Argument Of The Trolley Problem Philosophy Essay A utilitarian is concerned with providing the greatest happiness for the greatest amount of people, so in this first case a utilitarian would agree with Thomson and would say that it is mandatory to pull the lever and save the greater number of people. An opposing view would say that pulling the lever constitutes as a moral wrong, and would make the bystander partially responsible for the death. One has a moral obligation to get involved in these cases just by being present in the scenario and being able to change the outcome. Deciding to do nothing would be considered an immoral act if one values five lives more than one. In the first case, the bystander does not intend to harm anyone; the harm will be done regardless of which way the trolley goes. In the second case, pushing and harming the large man is the only way to save the five people on the trolley. in contrast, Thomson argues that a key distinction between the first trolley problem and the second case is that in the first case, you simply redirect the harm, but in the second case, you actually have to do something to the large man to save the five workers. Thomson states that in the first case, no worker has more of a right than the other not to be killed, but in the second case, the large man does have a right not to be pushed over the bridge, violating his right to life. To put the first trolley case in a different perspective I will present a similar case. Something has gone terribly wrong on an airplane and is inevitably about to crash and is heading straight to a heavily populated area. The airplane pilot knows that regardless innocent people will die so he turns the plane towards a less populated area, killing less innocent people. Was the pilots action to steer the plane in a different direction morally permissible? Thomson would say that the pilots actions were correct, because the greater populated are has the same right to live as the less populated area, and you are merely deflecting the harm to kill less people which is morally permissible because no rights have been violated. Thomson presents an alternative case to the second trolley problem to better illustrate her argument. In this case, a surgeon has 5 patients that are all in need of organ transplants, and they will die without the organ, but since they all have a rare blood type there are no organs available. A traveler comes into the office for a check up, and the doctor discovers that this traveler has the necessary organs that could save these five dying patients. The doctor asks the traveler if he would donate and but he sincerely declines. Would it be morally permissible for the doctor to kill the bystander and operate anyway? Thomson would argue that it is not permissible to operate on the traveler, because the doctor would be violating his right to life. This differs from the first trolley case because in the first case you are simply deflecting the harm as opposed to the second trolley case, and the transplant case, you have to act and do something to an innocent person in order to save the f ive people. In the first case none of the workers have more of a right than the other not to be killed, but in the second case the large man has a right not to be killed. In the transplant case, a utilitarian is concerned with the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people, so just like in the first case where a utilitarian would say to pull the lever to kill one and save five, he would do the same in the transplant case to kill one and save five. Thomson disagrees and states that in the first case killing one is a side effect of killing five, in the transplant case you are violating a persons right where the act could have been avoided to begin with. Thomson states that killing is worse a death caused by letting someone die. In the first trolley case it would seem rational to agree that the person is morally obligated to pull the lever and save the five people. In the second case, the person should not be forced to push the large man onto the track because in this case he is killing the man to save the others where as in the first case it is inevitably one or the other. It would also seem rational that the doctor should not kill the man for the transplant because it is similar to the second case. Although in every case you are sacrificing one to save five, there are situations where it is not morally permissible to kill the one person, such as the second case and the transplant case. In these case the persons right to life is violated, and therefore would make it morally permissible to kill them. In order for Thomson to justify her opinions she needs to identify the differences in both cases that is strong enough to make a valid argument. In short, Thomson identifies that in both cases there is an innocent bystander who is not responsible in any of the events, but has the opportunity to get involved in order to save five people instead of the one. She assumes that there is no relationship or tension at all between the bystander and the workers so he has a clear mind on what his decision should be. Thomson states that we need to focus on the rights of the people as a means to an end relationship between the bystander and the workers. She argues that in both cases the bystander does wrong to the person whose life he chooses to sacrifice, but in the second case where the bystander pushes the large man, there is a direct violation of his rights. By performing the act of pushing, the bystander is directly violating on the large mans right not to be killed. This differs from the fi rst case where the bystander pulls a lever to kill one and save five, because it does not violate the single workers rights; diverting a train does not violate anyones rights, but pushing an innocent man does. Thomson feels that this explains why the bystander is allowed to intervene by pulling the lever because the bystander can maximize the utility without violating anyones rights, whereas in the second case, in order to maximize utility the bystander would have to violate someones rights. The problem arises that in the first case, although the bystander is not directly violating the single workers right, he is indirectly violating his right not to be killed. Thomson replies to this concern by saying that although this is true but it being direct or indirect is not relevant when a persons right not to be killed is concerned.

The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman :: essays research papers

Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s story, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† explores the restricted societal roles of both Jane and John. Gilman, a strong supporter of women’s rights, focuses on her account with depression through this story (Hill 150). Traditionally, the man must take care of the woman both financially and emotionally while the woman’s role remains at home. Society tends to trap man and woman and prevent them from developing emotionally and intellectually. Although Gilman focuses on the hardships of the woman, she also examines the role of the man in society. Repression generated by social gender roles hinders men and women from acquiring self-individuation. The repression of Jane ties into her lack of exposure to emotional and intellectual stimulus. Jane’s feminine emotions towards her environment aid in her restraint. Representing the dominance of masculinity over the restrained female, Jane observes the female figure, who looks as if she is behind bars, in the pattern of the wallpaper (1156). The woman who unsuccessfully attempts to climb out of the pattern symbolizes Jane’s frivolity in trying to alter feminine societal roles (1158). Significantly, the maternal instincts of Jane remain enslaved due to her surroundings. The nursery, containing windows â€Å"barred for little children,† represents the suppression of Jane’s motherly duties (1150). Jane is unable to take care of her own baby. The garden which Jane can view through her barred windows, stands for her fertility which she is incapable of obtaining (1149). Intentionally, Jane’s intellectual prowess remains held back. Beginning to â€Å"writ e for a while† in a journal against the wishes of those around her, represents the suppression of Jane’s attempt at creative stimulus (1149). The yellow wallpaper hinders Jane’s recovery in that it confuses her whenever she attempts to decipher its’ meaning (1151). John’s repression results from the absence of his feminine side. Spirituality, a part of the human psyche of which John lacks, accounts for his repression. Jane feels that John â€Å"has no patience with faith,† justifying his stubborn behavior and the detraction of his masculinity (1148). An ideal attribute for one attempting to obtain self-individuation is a concern for faith, which is not present in John (1148). John’s scarcity of feminine emotions accounts for his repression. John shows no understanding of Jane’s need for an intellectual stimulus, signifying his lack of intuition (1150). For John, everything must be â€Å"put down in figures† (1148) in order for him to make sense out of anything, illustrating his stronghold on the stereotypically obstinate man (1155).

LOUIS VUITTON enter CHINESE MARKET Essay

Luxury product sales boost in the emerging marketing like China, which has extraordinary growth and strong potential consumers for the development of luxury goods in the China market. With gradually lower and lower increase of revenue in the European countries, Louis Vuitton (abridged as LV in the following sections) commits itself to set up more stores in China. However, LV is faced with the problems of declining profits in China, which urges it to adjust its entry strategy into the China market. In this case, this report will focus on distinguishing the factors that influence LV’s development in China and laying out schemes for LV’s entry into China market by initially examining the internal and external environment for LV; analyzing the operational plan for LV’s entry into China based on the environment examination, and generating an action plan for LV’s entry strategy at the end of the report. Introduction Louis Vuitton (abridged as LV in the following sections) is planning to set up more stores in the China market. However, it is now faced with the problems of declining profits in China, which urges it to adjust its entry strategy into the China market. In this case, this report is to lay out schemes for LV’s entry into the China market by distinguishing the internal and external factors that influence LV’s development from the perspectives of country factors and internal advantages of LV with reference to the SWOT analysis model; analyzing the operational plan for LV’s entry into China based on the environment examination and including suggests on firm strategy, organization structure and management, entry strategy and modes, manufacturing management, marketing plan, and accounting as well as finance management; and generating an action plan for LV’s entry strategy at the end of the report according to the specifications of the business operational plan. Research Methods The research method of literature searches is adopted to generate this report. This method is chosen because there are plenty of existing studies  on the development of luxury goods, which makes it possible for abundant literature searches. Also, there are a great many resources on the annual reports of Louis Vuitton available which offer insights into the financial performance of this company. Anyway, luxury goods are indeed possessed by the majority of people, which makes direct interviews or surveys less available. External and Internal Environment The internal and external factors that influence LV’s development will be examined in this section from the perspectives of country factors and internal advantages of LV. A SWOT analysis will be involved in this section, which aims to find out the strength, weakness, opportunity and threat of the company according to analysis on the internal conditions of the company and the external environment the company is faced with (Johnson & Scholes, 2002, p122). External environment: Country factor analysis The external environment for LV’s entry into China will be discussed in terms of the politics and government policy of China, the economy and the China market, the social culture and transportation of China, and will be concluded from the perspectives of opportunities and threats for LV’s entry into China. In terms of politics and government policy, China is now actively opening up to the world and enhancing trade relationships with world brands since the reform and opening up policy. In terms of the economy and the China market, according to Yuval and Vinay and Cathy (2011), the analysts of Mckinsey quarterly, China has increasing booming urban cities including the second- and third-tier cities and the world second-largest GDP which means strong purchasing power the China consumers for luxury goods and great market potentials (para 8). They also pointed out that by 2015, Chinese consumers will account for more than 20 percent of the global luxury market. On the other h and, the large market potential has drawn a host of luxury-goods companies to enter the China market, which makes the competition fiercer and fiercer. And it is troublesome for LV that there are plenty of fake goods imitating LV’s style prevailing in China, which are actually not likely to reduce LV’s high-end consumers, but would exert negative influences on consumers’ impression and awareness of LV. I  terms of social culture, for one thing, the China consumers are attracted by middle- and high-end products and somehow more attracted by French luxury goods, and they believe that the higher the price, the better the quality (Yuval, Vinay and Cathy, 2011, para7) (Exhibit 1). For another thing, the traditional virtue of thrift is rooted in the mindset of the Chinese, with which some of the rich in China indicate that they would not spend a large sum of money to get a product. (Exhibit 1) In terms of transportation, airlines are increased like the Emirates group which launched air routines in the main cities of China, and railway transportation as well as road transportation is more and more available, making it convenient and fast for cross-national transportation. Therefore in conclusion, the opportunities for LV’s entry into China can be concluded as China’s encouraging policies on foreign brands’ entering into China; China’s booming urban cities and increasing middle- and upper- class consumers with strong purchasing power; Chinese consumers’ purchasing preference for French high-end products; and the more and more convenient cross-national transportation in China. While the threats for LV’s entry into China entail the fierce competition from the peer companies and brands; the trouble coming from increasing produced counterfeit products imitating LV in China; China consumers’ cautious traditional views on luxury goods purchasing. Anyway, when it comes to China consumers’ rational attitude towards luxury goods purchasing, it may be an opportunity for LV if it succeeds in drawing out their desires and needs for LV’s products, otherwise it may turn out to be a threat for LV’s expansion in China. Internal environment based on national level The advantages of internal environment for LV on national level lie in the its preference and prospect to greatly expand its business in China, its experiences of operating in China market for about twenty years, and its strong influence on and temptation to the China consumers, as well as customer loyalty for it. On the contrary, the disadvantages lie in its high price which will greatly influences China consumers’ will to purchase the products, and in its could-be easily imitated appearance and style which is made used of by some China manufacturers in producing fake goods. Internal environment based on firm level The nature of LV’s products Dubois and Czellar and Laurent (2001) delineated Luxury goods as products with extraordinary quality as well as high price, rareness and uniqueness, aesthetic appeal, respectful long history, and the sense of being superior to others (p156). Yacine and Johnathan and Motohiro (2004) argued that luxury goods manual crafting and diligence should be involved into the manufacturing and designing of luxury goods (para 2). Based on these studies, the nature of LV’s products can be abstracted as unique, rare, and excellent-quality, and extraordinary. I ndustry characteristics of luxury goods Kapferer (1996) suggested that luxury industry distinguishes the needs and demands of the wealthy people like prominent social figures, and produce unique superior products for them, which acts like a status symbol for the rich (p251). While Heine (2010) stated that the luxury industry is also fashion-oriented and high-quality guaranteed. And it is closely associated with the needs of the wealthy. Judging from these studies and the advancement of luxury products nowadays, the industrial characteristics of luxury products can be concluded as extraordinary quality with high guarantee, extremely personalized with unique designed style, strong brand recognition and customer loyalty, and highly profitable sales based on its high price. Advantages and disadvantage of internal environment for LV on firm level The advantages of LV on firm level mainly lie in its good brand image, abundant product portfolio, wide expansion in the China markets covering most of the first- and second-tier cities, and its control on the designs of products. This can be told from the following aspects. Above all, LV enjoys a good reputation of high quality and excellent services that it has occupied the first place of the 2012 Hurun Ranking of the Top ten luxury brands in the world (see Appendix 1), in which LV beats Hermes, the second in the list by nearly 43%. Also, LV offers manual crafting designed products which are special for certain customers. What’s more, it offers permanent after-sale serves to its customers (Paul, 2012, p79). The disadvantages of LV mainly lie in its lower production rate and high price which leaves it less price elasticity. It possessed relatively lower production rate, for it takes certain time and manual efforts to make a high-quality products (Jill & Glenn & Taro, 2009, p122). It sets high prices for its products based on the quality and meanwhile aims to distinguish market segmentation, which however makes the price too high from the perspectives of the majority of China consumers. Marketing potentials In recent years, the China government has made adjustments towards Foreign Direct Investment. It cancelled the extra bonus policy which had existed since the 1980s when China actively encouraged investment on foreign enterprises (Dan, 2009, para1). Anyway, the general tendency of attracting foreign companies to enter into China is still unabated. Therefore, government policies and regulations are still positive for LV’s advancement in China, which indicates that China remains great market potential for LV if it adjusts itself to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages according to the environment. Based on the external and internal environment analysis, an operational plan to help LV enter and compete effectively in the China market will be generated in the following section, which includes consideration to firm strategy, organization structure and management, strategy and modes of LV’s entry into China, manufacturing management, overall marketing plan, and accounting and Finance management of LV facing the entry. Corporation strategy helps direct the future development of firms, including differentiation strategy and low cost strategy (Gerry & Keven & Richard, 2008, p245). The firm strategy suggested for LV to compete in the China market is to differentiate itself from other luxury companies and brands, and the strategy to lower its costs. Apart from the regular introduction of new products or the quality control of products like most luxury companies may do, LV is supposed to give extra care to its customer services, delivering extraordinary experience to customers, like regular special consultancy for every customer to lead the their needs and help them realize personal values relative with LV’s values. As for methods to lower costs,  it can be achieved through managing the operational cost of LV and through cost control in the supply chain of LV. For example, to integrate its resources and improve its supply chain by cooperation with fixed partners who professionally manage logistics in order to get a price discount, which may lower the costs of transportation and save time for product updates. Organization Structure and Management Organizational structure management is for accomplishing certain goals effectively Gerry & Keven & Richard, 2008, p137). For LV as an international company, the organization form of departmentalization is rather appropriate. With human resources gathered and organizational structure formed through departmentalization, the process of delegation is to be introduced. Delegation is to delegate certain authority and responsibility to the staff and achieve harmony and trustworthiness among leaders and staff (Robbins & Mary & Nancy, 2005, p165). LV has a big number of stores in China, and it will be better if the headquarter delegates authority for the managers in the branches in China, who are then able to manage the stores more practically and efficiently. Based on the managing form of departmentalization and the method of delegation, the form of decentralization can be adopted. If the business of a company is in fast pace and tend to change quickly, and is operated in diversified different areas, it should choose the form of decentralization (Robbins & Mary & Nancy, 2005, p165). As an international luxury company with operating areas in all geographic parts of China, LV values timeliness and adaptability towards the quickly changing fashion world, which makes decentralization suitable for LV’s development in China market. Entry strategy and modes The entry modes for international companies entail strategic alliance, exporting, licensing or franchising, joint venture, a new wholly owned subsidiary, and acquiring established enterprises (David & Cynthia, 2004, p147). As for LV, a luxury brand which is positioned as high-end, unique and high-price, it would be better for it to establish its own stores in the targeted country (Giacalone, 2006, p33). Since LV has its own stores in China, it adopts the wholly owned subsidiary method of entry so as to hold  its characteristic of unique and independent, and to pursue global standardization. Where to enter into is essential for LV’s operation in China. LV has already set up stores in all the geographical areas of China (Exhibit 2), and most of its focus is the first-tier cities and less second-tier cities. For example, nearly 33% of LV’s stores in China are located in Hongkong, Macau and Taiwan (Exhibit 2), while there are a great many second-tier cities where many wea lthy people inhabit in mainland China. According to the table of index of China’s cities for luxury product operation (Exhibit 3), second-tier cities like Shenyang, Dalian, Hangzhou, and Chengdu have great potentials for luxury product operation. Moreover, second-tier cities like Dalian, Hangzhou and Chengdu are among the most popular tourism cities in China, where tourists are more likely to purchase luxury products when they are in their pleasant holidays with planned shopping lists. Also, the renting rate of second-tier cities is much cheaper than first-tier cities like Beijing and Shanghai. As for LV, whose stores often cover a large amount of space, second-tier cities will save it considerable amounts of costs. Therefore, second-tier cities should be the primary choices of LV’s operation in China market. Manufacturing management Manufacturing management is associated with production for global markets, outsourcing and logistics management (Philip & Gary, 2009, chap13). As for LV, its production is unique and enjoys good reputation among consumers for they are produced in France, labeled as high-quality and high-level. Therefore in this case, production activities of LV are supposed to be located in France. In terms of logistics, it will be better for LV to outsource the management of logistics to companies that are professional in this field, for LV has no experiences in logistics and it should focus on the production and sales of products instead. Marketing plan Marketing Strategy can be formulated with references to the following aspects: Product attributes, Distribution methods, communication approaches, and pricing strategy (Alan and Simon, 2012, p399). Apart from the four aspects listed above, marketing strategy is influenced primarily by market  segmentation (David & John, 2012, p102). With regards to age, socio-cultural factors, economic development and the psychological factors, LV narrows its target market in China to the young and adult generations who are under the age of forty. Anyway, the primary focused consumers are adults. In this case, LV is supposed to give more care to the young, who are the right future potential customers for LV. Besides, the young of the rich families in China can often easily win parents’ compromise and financial support to purchase luxury products. Therefore, emphasis on unique products for the young is highly profitable in return and may also bring vigor to the growth of LV. In terms of product attributes, it is critical for the development of products, for it the product attributes satisfy the customer’s needs, the product will definitely boost sales (Alan and Simon, 2012, p399). LV’s product attributes as products with extraordinary quality as well as high price, rareness and uniqueness, aesthetic appeal, respectful long history, and high-class awareness greatly meet customers’ needs for supreme experience and extraordinary taste. Therefore, it should focus on product designs that can differentiate its products from those of other brands to keep its customer loyalty. As for distribution methods, LV should stick to its strategy of selling its products directly to consumers through its stores, for it has independent stores and distribution system. Anyway, it is possible for LV to set up online stores under the circumstance of the China market. In terms of internet shopping, which is now prevailing in China, and the electronic commerce of China is gradually become mature. Amazon and China’s T-Mall online shopping has reached high turnover in recent years (The Economist, 2011). In terms of China consumers, who prefer to shop online especially the young and the adult, with internet becoming more and more available for the Chinese people, China online market has high potential for LV’s attempt at online stores. In terms of communication approaches, LV is involved more in direct selling, and advertising. In terms of direct selling through stores, it creates opportunities for deepening the communication between consumers and the staff of LV. In terms of advertising, LV focuses on delivering its value and product attributes to consumers and it choose its spokesperson cautiously. Selecting spokesmen for LV is quite a good choice for the development in China, especially for attracting the young. For example, the newly selected and the only spokesman  for LV in China, Bingbing FAN is quite appropriate for the disposition of LV, unique, independ ent and elegant, which has become a big piece of news in China and has intensified the public focus on LV recently. Therefore, the right choice of spokeman will benefit LV in the China market. Anyway, the country-of-origin effect takes effects on the Chinese people who deeply believe in French luxury products (Glamheden, 2006, p35). In terms of pricing strategy, it will be better for LV to keep the same price in different countries, which means the amount of money consumers spend in a LV store in China is the same as that in France in value. This is because that some Chinese prefer to fly to France to get the LV products for it’s cheaper in France. In order to boost sales in China market, it’s better to apply the same pricing strategy. Accounting and finance management As for accounting management of LV in China, LV has to pay great attention to the inflation conditions of the China market, which has been rising in recent years both in food and non-food prices (Jay and Azhar, 2011, para2). LV should adjust its pricing strategy and accounting management according to the inflation conditions of China, for if inflation goes high, assets will be depreciated and the original price cannot represent the real value of LV’s products (Mankiw, 2011, p643). Mankiw states that inflation results to the value depreciation of money, which will benefit the export of the home country and make it disadvantageous for the import from foreign countries’ import to the home country. This explains the significance for LV to adjust its price according to the inflation conditions in China market. In order to create and maintain a competitive advantage, LV’s financial management should be involved financial control and money management (Alan & Simon, 2012 , p423). Now that LV has already decided to invest in the China market, financial decisions and the money management are to be focused on. In terms of financial decisions, according to Alan and Simon’s theory (2012) on financing decisions, LV may prefer local debt financing in the China market, where local currency has recently depreciated. In terms of money management, LV should try to reduce the transaction costs, which is generated when a firm transfers cash from one currency to another (Alan & Simon, 2012, p433). Recommendations- action plan With the help of the discussion of the China market environment for LV, and the analysis and conclusion of the operational plan for LV’s entry into China in the previous sections, recommendations for action plans for LV will be given as follows. As for formulating firm strategies, LV is supposed to take the differentiation strategy by distinguishing itself from other luxury companies by emphasis on high quality and exclusive customer services, and to adopt the cost reducing strategy by integrating resources of its supply chain and reducing transportation costs through the long-term cooperation with professional partners of logistics fields. As for organization structure and management, the organization form of departmentalization with a combination of functional forms, product, consumer service and geographic area is recommended. Next, the method of delegation can be introduced for LV so as to delegate authority for the managers in the China stores. Last but not least, it will be better for LV to implement the form of decentralization, which will improve the effectiveness and efficiency of LV’s operation in China. As for entry strategy and modes, with wholly owned subsidiary, LV should cautiously select its targeted locations in China. Apart from the first-tier cities, second-tier cities where there is considerably strong purchasing power and lower renting costs would be appropriate for LV to set up new stores. As for manufacturing management, production activities of LV are supposed to be located in France, for effect of country-of-origin works on China consumers who believe that goods produced in France would be more reliable and high-end. In terms of logistics, LV is supposed to outsource its management of logistics to companies that are professional in this field. As for marketing plan, LV should continue to highlight its product attributes like high quality and exclusive design to consumers, to apply the communicatio n approach of advertising using the spokesman strategy, and to keep price nearly the same in different countries without dramatically change. As for accounting and finance management, LV should adjust its pricing strategy and accounting management according to the inflation conditions of China, and to focus on its financial decisions, and money management decisions. Specifically, LV may adopt local debt financing in the China market, and try to reduce the transaction costs. References Alan M. & Simon C. (2012). International business. London: Pearson. Dan H. (2009). Foreign direct investment in China-the times has changed. Retrieved from: http://www.chinalawblog.com/2009/04/foreign_direct_investment_in_c_1.html David C. & Cynthia M. (2004). Corporate strategy. New York: McGraw-Hill. David J. & John F. (2012). Foundations of marketing. New York: McGraw-Hill. Dubois, B., Laurent, G. & Czellar, S. (2001). Consumer rapport to luxury: analyzing complex and ambivalent attitudes, Retrieved from: http://ideas.repec.org/p/ebg/heccah/0736.html Gerry J., Kevan S. & Richard W. (2008). Exploring Corporate Strategy, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, p245-p266. Giacalone, J. (2006). The market for luxury goods: the case of the Comità © Colbert, Southern Business Review, 32(1), 33-40. Glamheden A. (2006). Country-of-origin effects and consumer attitudes towards luxury brands, Doctoral thesis. University of St. Gallen. Retrieved from: http://www.gbv.department/ Heine, K. (2010). The personality of luxury fashion brands, Journal of Global Fashion Marketing, 1(3), p88. Jay H. & Azhar I. Does China have an inflation problem? Wells Fargo Securities. Retrieved from: http://www.realclearmarkets.com/blog/ChinaInflation_03292011_final%5B1%5D.pdf Jill G., Glenn B. & Taro I. (2009). Art, fashion and architecture. New York. Publisher: Rizzoli. Johnson, G & Scholes, K. (2002). Exploring corporate strategies. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Kapferer, J. (1996). Managing luxury brands. The Journal of Brand Management, 4(4), 251-260. Mankiw G. & Mark P. (2011). Economics.2nd Revised ed. UK. New York: Cengage Learning. Paul G. P., (December 1, 2012), Louis Vuitton: the birth of modern luxury. U.S.A. New York: Abrams. Philip K. & Gary A. (2009). Principles of marketing. U.S.A. Washington: Pearson Education. Robbins p. & Mary C. & Nancy L. (2005). Management. 8th ed. Canada. Washington: Pearson Education. The Economist Journal, (2011). E-commerce in China: the great leap online. . Retrieved from http://www.economist.com/node/21540260 Yacine A., Johnathan A. & Motohiro Y. (2004). Luxury goods and the equity premium, The Journal of Finance, Vol. 6, No. 6, p46. Yuval A., Vinay D. & Cathy W. (2011). Tapping China’s luxury-goods market. Mckinsey quarterly. Retrieved from http://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/Tapping_Chinas_luxury-goods_market_2779

Data Protection Act 1998 The Eight Principles Of The...

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